Perlite is natural (volcanic) glass made by rapid cooling of molten rock (lava) and the spherical cracks, which cause it to break into small pebbles.

It has a moisture content of 304% which has been absorbed, from its surroundings. This moisture forms tiny steam bubbles underheat (1,500-2,000°F) and the Perlite is popped or exploded to fifteen or twenty times its original volume. Thus the material is excellent for light weight aggregate, insulation, fillers and filters.

Zinc Oxide is a white pigment that is transparent to visible light but because of the difference in refractive index between the pigment particles and the vehicle, they refract light from a multitude of surfaces and return a substantial portion in the direction of illumination without a significant change in its spectral composition.

It is made by burning the metal zinc in the pressure of air. They vary in size and shape according to intended use. Zinc Oxide films are hard and brittle and are rarely the sole pigment in a coating. It is used in exterior paints to contribute hardness and was known in ancient Greek times a Spodium and was found as deposit in the old solver smelting furnaces.

Titanium was a discovery by Gregor 1791. First successfully separated as pure metal by Kroll in 1928. It is the fourth most abundant metallic element but is extremely difficult to extract from ore, and the cost is equal to manufacture of Stainless Steel.

It is low in electrical and thermal conductivity and it also offers outstanding resistance to corrosion by oxidising media and is impervious to atmosphere or salt water corrosion. Before1957 90% of USA (the major producer) titanium was for military purposes and is now used extensively in the manufacture of expansion similar to ceramics. It can also be used as a white pigment for exterior paints because of its superior covering power, opacity to damaging ultra-violet light and self-cleaning.

There are many different Alkyd Resins. First investigated by Bezeluis over 100 years ago, when he obtained a resin from glycerol and tartaric acid, but not used commercially to any extent until after WW1 when they were used extensively in the protective coating field. In 1927 Keinle filed a patent for the preparation of drying oil-fatty modifications. These resins were varnishes in themselves, and they dried to hard coatings in much shorter periods of time than comparable varnishes.

Most outstanding is their ability to impact distinctive properties of beauty and flexibility, which show a marked rendition on prolonged exposure to weathering. The term ‘ALKYD’ was invented by Keinle in 1927 and is a combination of the work Alcohol and Acid with a change in the spelling to describe the complexes resulting from the reaction of polyhydric alcohols and resinifying carbolic acids and their anhydrides.

Mica is used a great deal in the roofing industry for coating asphalt shingles and roll roofing. It is not absorbed by the freshly impregnated paper, does not absorb asphalt ,resists attack by weathering and acid in the asphalt. The chief function is to prevent roofing surfaces from sticking together.

It has a fast growing use in paints as a lubricant and extender but also the transparent cakes serve to bond the paint film, and prevent it from cracking and improve adherence. They align themselves in the paint filmlike scales on the body of a fish, and from a wear and weather resistant surfaces. The effectiveness of advanced is guaranteed by the rigid control applied in the mixing of the properties in accordance with the formula.